Prashant Mishra ¹, Ravinder Kumar ¹, Vivek Singh ¹, Gopal Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, Uttar Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The effect of integration of organic amendments with fungal or bacterial antagonists (Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens) applied as soil treatment was evaluated against sheath blight disease in Basmati rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani under field conditions. Neem cake + T. harzianum was found to be the most effective treatment in reducing the disease incidence by up to 57.27% and disease severity by 54.77% followed by farm yard manure (FYM) + T. harzianum, which resulted in the reduction of disease incidence to 53.77% and disease severity to 52.29%, respectively. Among all the organic amendments, reduction of sheath blight was lowest with sawdust + P. fluorescens with disease incidence of 40.94% and disease severity of 35.29%. Maximum increase in grain yield (39.44%) and 1000-grain weight of rice (29.19g) were recorded with neem cake + T. harzianum treatment followed by treatments FYM + T. harzianum and pressmud + T. harzianum. Minimum increase in grain yield (9.76%) and 1000-grain weight (11.53%) were recorded with the treatment Sawdust + P. fluorescens.

Keywords

Antagonist, Organic Amendment, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rice, Sheath Blight, Trichoderma harzianum.

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Ravinder Kumar ¹, P. Mishra ¹, G. Singh ¹, R. S. Yadav ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Pathology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel University of Agric. & Tech., Meerut, 250110 (U.P.), IN

Abstract

Two fungicides (carboxin and thiram) and two bio-control agents (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum) were evaluated as seed treatment in different combinations against Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal organism of collar rot of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Seed treated with T. harzianum (4g/kg seed) + carboxin (0.5g/kg seed) provided maximum protection to the crop by giving maximum seedling emergence (495.0/20 m²), final plant stand (480.4/20m²) and grain yield (18.2q/ha). Other treatment combinations significantly increased seedling emergence, final plant stand and grain yield compared to control.

Keywords

Carboxin, Pseudomonas fluoresceus, Sclerotium rolfsii, Seed Treatment, Thiram, Trichoderma harzianum.

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Ravinder Kumar ¹, P. S. shera ², S. Sharma ², K. S. Sangha ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana – 141004, Punjab, IN

Abstract

The early season attack of Chilo partellus, in kharif sown fodder maize inflicts appreciable losses, if unchecked. Biointensive management with the use of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii in fodder maize through different doses and release rate was standardized. The results of the trials from two years showed that damage parameters like Leaf Injury (LI), recorded three weeks after parasitoid release from 0.25-6.00 per cent across different treatments whereas in untreated control it was 6.50-13.25 %, respectively. Similarly the observations on percent DH patterns in different treatments varied from 0.62-3.75 % as compared to control (5.50-9.0 %). Furthermore, the per cent reduction in damage was substantially low with the second inundative release of the parasitoid than plots receiving a single release of bio-agent at a given dose. The proportion of DH recorded at three weeks after release was significantly lower (1.0 and 0.62%) in plots with t-cards @ 125,000 parasitized eggs in two releases as compared with other treatments. Additionally the green fodder yield obtained in promising treatment was statistically superior (445 q ha^-1) to 392 q ha^-1 GFY as recorded in the untreated control and other lower dose treatments except the plots receiving the highest dose of parasitoid release (450q ha^-1). Thus the results suggested that field release of T. chilonis @ 125,000 parasitoids per hectare in two releases helps in substantial reduction of C. partellus inflicted damage with high economic returns.

Keywords

Chilo partellus, Deadhearts, Fodder Maize, Leaf Injury, Trichogramma chilonis.

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